Screen Saver ISKCON Vrindavan Krsna Balaram (Álbum)
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 | UpanishadsDr. N. S. Anantha Rangachar |  |
The Upanishads are the concluding portions of the Brahmanas and are enshrining the essense of Vedic teaching. They are called Vedantas meaning the last portion of the Vedas as well as the ultimate conclusions of Vedic wisdom. Upanishads happen to be the most foremost authorities of the Vedanta system of Philosophy that developed in later times in different forms. The Vedanta Sutras of Badarayana pertain to the proper interpretation of these Upanishadic statements.
The highest knowledge of the Ultimate Truth is taught in the Upanishads and these are considered as the eternal, most authoritative, infalliable revelations and most all schools of Indian Philosophy have drawn richly from the Upanishads in some way or the other.
These Upanishads are in the form of sublime thoughts tauhgt by celebrated teachers to their intimate disciples. Some of them are in the form of dialogues and they picture the struggle for the quest after Brahman by the devoted one as well as their failures and successes. If some Upanishads give a connected account, some others appear ti be stray thoughts. They have a mysterious forcefulness in their expressions and they penetrate to the heart. Some of them are very simple and short but at the same time very significant. These truths were intended to be imparted in strictest secrecy to the earnest enquirers of the truth. They have a charm and attraction of their own for earnest religious people.
The number of Upanishads that are available to us is vast. They are said to be more than two hundred. One hunderd and twelve Upanishads have been published by the Nirnaya Sagar Press in 1917. The Muktika Upanishad gives a list of 108 Upanishads. But all these are not recognized as ancient. Many of them belong to a later time. It is accepted that all the ten principal Upanishads namely Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya and Brihadaranyaka are the most authoritative ancient Upanishads. In addition to these the Kaushitaki, Svetasvatara, Mahanarayaniya and Maitrayaniya are also taken into account as they have been referred to by many early authorities. These belong to the different Vedas as shown below:
| Rig Veda | 1. Aitareya Upanishad 2. Kaushitaki Upanishad |
| Sama Veda | 1. Kena Upanishad 2. Chandogya Upanishad |
| Krishna Yajur Veda | 1. Katha Upanishad 2. Svetasvatara Upanishad 3. Maitrayaniya Upanishad 4. Mahanarayaniya Upanishad 5. Taittiriya Upanishad |
| Sukla Yajur Veda | 1. Isavasya Upanishad 2. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad |
| Atharva Veda | 1. Mundaka Upanishad 2. Mandukya Upanishad 3. Prasna Upanishad |
Rig Veda
Samhita
Mandala 1
Mandala 2
Mandala 3
Mandala 4
Mandala 5
Mandala 6
Mandala 7
Mandala 8
Mandala 9
Mandala 10
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